This survey of fair trade in Europe was conducted at the request of the European Fair Trade Association (EFTA). Its objective is to provide an overview of the extent and impact of the fair trade movement in Europe as well as the fair trade labelling initiatives on the European mainstream market. The survey concentrates on two categories in fair trade:
In addition to these categories the European market sees an increasing number of wholesalers and retailers who claim to trade fairly without any guarantees or monitoring. As verification of these claims is impossible, this type of traders was not included in this report.
The study involves 14 European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, practically all the European countries which have a considerable fair trade sector (except Finland, where it was impossible to collect information at a national level). The information was provided by one or more fair trade organizations per country - 35 in total. The details were gathered by research bureau Oikos and double-checked by Mr Enzo Martinelli.
N.B. The turnover figures in this report are excluding Value Added Tax (BTW, Mwst., TVA etc.). The retail value of a product is the price paid by the final consumer (less the VAT). The ECU exchange rates in the report are either from an unknown date, based on data received from respondents, or taken from the exchange rate information in the Financieel Dagblad (of the Netherlands) of November 1, 1994.
(Oikos, P.O. Box 19170, NL-3501 DD Utrecht, The Netherlands,
tel.: +31-30-319424; fax: +31-30-364903)
(Enzo Martinelli, c/o ACRA, Via Breda, 54, I-20126 Milan, Italy,
tel. +39-2-27000291; fax +39-2-2552270)
(EFTA, Witmakersstraat 10, NL-6211 JB Maastricht, The Netherlands,
tel.: +31-43-256917; fax: +31-43-258433)
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